Scientists Discover Significant Decrease in Emissions from Sustainable Aviation Fuels Compared to Traditional Jet Fuel
A recent study conducted by scientists from the National Center for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) in partnership with the University of Manchester has revealed a substantial decrease in emissions from the combustion of sustainable aviation fuels when compared to traditional jet fuel.
The study involved a comparative assessment between standard jet fuels and various blends of sustainable aviation fuel, including those sourced from Neste. The emissions were closely monitored from two distinct engines, including those used on the FAAM Airborne Laboratory’s BAe-146-301 aircraft.
According to the study, sustainable aviation fuel has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, by up to 80% when compared to conventional jet fuel. This is a significant finding considering that the aviation sector contributed over 2% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2021.
One of the key outcomes of the research was a notable 45% decrease in the quantity of ultrafine black carbon emissions during low thrust, which directly impacts local air quality. Additionally, the overall mass of these emissions was 80% lower for each kilogram of blended sustainable aviation fuel consumed.
Dr. Paul I. Williams, a research scientist affiliated with NCAS at The University of Manchester, emphasized the importance of understanding the effects of alternative fuels as the industry moves towards carbon neutrality. He stated, “This study is really important to understand these effects and to provide the U.K. with the capability to make these assessments in the future as new fuels and technologies are developed.”
Sustainable aviation fuel is produced from renewable biomass and residual materials, serving as a direct substitute for jet fuel extracted from crude oil. These biofuels are combined with conventional jet fuels to ensure compatibility with all existing aircraft. The ultimate goal is to have entirely synthetic jet fuels derived from non-fossil fuel sources by 2050.
To measure emissions, the researchers conducted ground-based engine testing, evaluating a spectrum of emissions from the combustion of blended aviation biofuel and HEFA fuel. The emissions of various gases and particles, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and suspended micro-particles, were comprehensively evaluated.
The study also highlighted a significant decline in emissions of non-volatile particulate matter, which directly affects local air quality near airports. This reduction was observed at both low and cruise thrusts, suggesting potential benefits in terms of contrail formation and a reduced climate impact.
“At cruise thrusts, we found that there were also lower amounts of non-volatile particulate matter being emitted from the burning of sustainable aviation fuel,” stated Williams. “This indicates that while an aircraft is cruising, there would be less non-volatile particulate matter produced, which in turn impacts contrail formation. This could have the potential to reduce the climate warming effects of aviation globally.”
The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of research on sustainable aviation fuels and their potential to mitigate the environmental impact of the aviation industry. As the world continues to prioritize sustainability, understanding and utilizing alternative fuels is crucial for achieving a greener future.
In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the emissions reduction potential of sustainable aviation fuels and emphasizes the importance of continued research and development in this area.
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